The urinary system consists of two kidneys, a urinary bladder, two ureters and a single urethra. It is responsible for regulating blood pressure and volume, maintaining PH levels, excreting waste and foreign matter and producing hormones.

The kidneys are small organs located between the peritoneum and the posterior wall of the abdomen. The right kidney is slightly lower than the left. They are protected and held within the ribcage (between the 11th and 12th pair of ribs).

The ureters are a pair of tubes leading from each kidney to transport urine to the bladder. The walls of the ureters are thick and narrow and at the end they open into the bladder.

The bladder is a muscular hollow organ that is situated in the pelvic cavity. In a male it is anterior to the rectum and in females, it is anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus. It is smaller in females, because of the location of the uterus.

The urethra is a tube that leads from the bladder to an exterior part of the body and enables urine to pass out of the body.